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Content
06 December 2006, 15:43
History of Roulette
Black Jack RouletteRoulette is one of the oldest and most popular games played in modern casinos. A small spinning ball every day attracts thousands of fortune believers. Only luck helps you to win roulette - there are no and can not be the strategies which allow you to beat a roulette mathematically. It is a very simple game to be profitable.
History of Roulette
 Roulette is a French word meaning "small wheel". There are several interesting legends about roulette origin.
According to the first, Blaise Pascal tried to find the perpetual motion. He engineered a device in a form of a big wheel for his experiments. One of his friends had a good idea to use this device for gambling.
Another mystic legend tells about Francois Blanc who founded the first casinos in Monte Carlo. They say he sold a soul to devil for the secret of roulette. If you don't believe, please sum all the wheel numbers; total is 666.
Roulette in the layout we see it today appeared in 1765 in Paris. French emigrants imported this game into USA and the first American casino appeared in New Orleans in 1800. In 1861, a casino was opened in Monaco that became the capital of gambling business after the ban of casino in Europe in 1873.
Now, every casino in the world has a roulette wheel. Roulette is popular because it is simple, easy to play, exciting and thrilling.
Roulette Rules
Roulette consists of a wheel, a small ball and a table marked with separate boxes containing numbers from 0 to 36. Players can place bets on any particular number or a set of numbers. Once the bets have been completed, the wheel starts spinning and a small ball is released on to the wheel in the opposite direction of the spinning wheel. The ball stops in one of the numbers and all players who had bet on it win.
| Bet | Description | | Even Odd | Bet placed on fields "even" or "odd" and covers 18 numbers.Zero is not covered. | | Red Black | Bet placed on fields "red" or "black" and covers 18 numbers.Zero is not covered. | | High Low | Bet placed on fields "1-18" or "19-36" and covers 18numbers. | | Dozen | Bet placed on fields "1st 12", "2nd 12", or "3rd12" and covers 12 numbers. | | Column | Bet placed on field at the end of vertical column and covers all columns(12 numbers). Zero is not covered. | | Six-Line | Bet placed on the end of line between two rows. Bet covers the 6 numbers intwo adjacent rows. | | Corner | Bet placed on the common point of four adjacent numbers and covers allof them. | | Street | Bet placed on the end of row and covers this row (3 numbers). | | Split | Bet placed between two numbers and covers them. | | Straight | Bet placed on single number field and covers only one. |
There are two basic kinds of roulette such as French with only one zero and American with double zero (0, 00).
French Roulette
The wheel of French roulette consists of 37 numbers from 0 to 36. The next table contains the indexes of every natural bet.
| Bet | Win | Probability | Player edge | | Even Odd | 1 | 18/37 | 48.65% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | Red Black | 1 | 18/37 | 48.65% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | High Low | 1 | 18/37 | 48.65% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | Dozen | 2 | 12/37 | 32.43% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | Column | 2 | 12/37 | 32.43% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | Six-Line | 5 | 06/37 | 16.22% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | Corner | 8 | 04/37 | 10.81% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | Street | 11 | 03/37 | 08.11% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | Split | 17 | 02/37 | 05.41% | -1/37 | -2.703% | | Straight | 35 | 01/37 | 02.70% | -1/37 | -2.703% |
You can see that a player loses about 2.703% of his money on any bet. It is clear that any composite bet has the same expected result. Let's see, for example, the following popular call bets:
| | Voisins de Zero | Tier | Orphelins | Zero Spiel | | Bet size, chips | 9 | 6 | 5 | 4 | | Covered numbers | 17 | 12 | 8 | 7 | | Win probability | 45.95% | 32.43% | 24.32% | 18.92% | | Average win | 111.76% | 200.00% | 300.00% | 414.29% | | Player edge | -2.703% | -2.703% | -2.703% | -2.703% |
Some casinos have the next attractive rule. Once the wheel stops on zero the players lose only half on any even money bet. It increases the player edge to -1/74 (-1.35%), but still casino has the advantage.
American Roulette
The most obvious difference between French and American roulette is the game table layout and, of course, the odds! The American roulette has additional zero signed "00" The location of the numbers on the roulette wheels in the French and American games differs also. The next table contains the indexes of natural bets:
| Bet | Win | Probability | Result | | Even Odd | 1 | 18/38 | 47.37% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | Red Black | 1 | 18/38 | 47.37% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | High Low | 1 | 18/38 | 47.37% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | Dozen | 2 | 12/38 | 31.58% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | Column | 2 | 12/38 | 31.58% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | Six-Line | 5 | 6/38 | 15.79% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | Corner | 8 | 4/38 | 10.53% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | Street | 11 | 3/38 | 7.89% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | Split | 17 | 2/38 | 5.26% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | Straight | 35 | 1/38 | 2.63% | -2/38 | -5.263% | | 0-00-1-2-3 | 6 | 5/38 | 13.16% | -3/38 | -7.895% |
You can see that player lose 5.263% of wagered money on any bet. The special bet "0-00-1-2-3" has a player edge -7.895%! Hence, the American roulette is at least two times worse than French is. It is a very nice way for casinos to add only one zero and with it to increase their income twice!
Betting Systems
There are thousands of money management systems in roulette game. Every lucky gambler declares that his system ensure a profit. It is no so. There is no way to make guaranteed profit from mathematically detrimental game. It is the same problem as with the perpetual motion. If you use any money system or don't use any, your expected loss is always about 2.703% of total wagered money (at French roulette) in a long playing time. For example, see the analysis of most famous money management system Martingale.
There is an old anecdote to conclude with. Once a great physicist Albert Einstein was asked : "Does on your opinion any roulette system ensure the 100% win?" "Yes. I know one - to steal chips from the table when the dealer does not see it", the scientist answered.
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